Xi said, This is Liu He. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. He was later appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (199295) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (199597). Xi Jinping is widely considered to be a protg of both former PRC president Jiang Zemin and former PRC vice-president Zeng Qinghong. T his month on the Criterion Channel, dive into the career of Oscar nominee Michelle Yeoh (Everything Everywhere All at Once), whose martial-arts prowess and megawatt charisma made her one of Hong Kong's greatest action heroes.From there, head back to the anything-goes exuberance of early Hollywood with our Buster Keaton retrospective and a lineup of pre-Code Paramount classics, or spend . 2. : criticizing something in a clever and indirect way in order to make it weaker or less effective. Zhang Ping, The sixth generation of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party was born out of speculations, Deutsche Welle, November 21, 2012. Promoting civic participation. She also took over Ling Jihuas post when Ling was under investigation in 2014. The ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle class and moderate reformers entrepreneurs and intellectuals. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. Get foreign policy updates from Brookings, Compiled by Cheng Li and the staff of the John L. Thornton China Center at Brookings, a constitutional change abolishing term limits, the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee, https://publicintelligence.net/everybody-loves-chinese-vice-premier-wang-qishan/, https://boxun.com/news/gb/china/2018/02/201802251958.shtml, http://scmp.com/news/china/article/1087831/partys-number-two-woman-sun-chunlan-named-chief-tianjin, http://www.50forum.org.cn/home/article/jianjie.html, Africas global opportunity in rare earth elements, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 2: Imports from Asia, President of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) (2013present), General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (2012present), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) (2012present), Member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) (2007present), Chairman of the National Security Committee (2013present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms (2013present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Foreign Affairs and National Security (2013present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs (2012present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work (2013present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Network Security and Information Technology (2014present), Head of the CMC Central Leading Group for Deepening Reforms of National Defense and the Military (2014present), Commander in Chief of the Joint Operations Command Center of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) (2016present), Chairman of the Central Military and Civilian Integration Development Committee (2017present), Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (2002present). Cognitive Perspective. Like her mentor Hu Jintao, Sun is known for her keen interest in promoting a harmonious society, supporting policy initiatives for affordable housing, social welfare for low-income families, and poverty reduction. Liu He is one of Xi Jinpings most trusted confidants3. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Early in his career, Wang worked as a researcher and director at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (197982) and then moved to the Rural Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee (198288). Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. Cut off or cover the logos on your bag, shoes, clothes, repurpose a product and name it after yourself. Rip currents are dangerous, offshore flows of water found at beaches where waves break across a surfzone and these currents responsible for many people getting into trouble while swimming. Whilst transparent debate on China in our media, universities . Otherwise, based on his continued consolidation of power and ambitions for the countryand, indeed, himselfXis new era may resurrect an old problem. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). Sun began her career as a worker in a watch factory in Anshan (1969) and, eventually, became a party official in the same factory (197174). He served as party secretary of Guangdong (201217). Liu began his career as a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Jilin Province (196970)2. His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. The pressures that prompted the partys ideological counteroffensive spilled onto the streets of Guangzhou, a city in southern China, early this year. For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. Some have said that constitutionalism and similar ideas were tools of Western subversion that helped topple the former Soviet Union and that a similar threat faces China. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). The recent NPC meeting has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). Rip currents often occur in deeper channels, between areas of breaking waves, and can flow at speeds up to 2 m/s. Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. After his time in Fujian, Xi served as governor of Zhejiang Province (2002) and party secretary of Zhejiang Province (200207). Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). Unsurprisingly, when Xi Jinping became general secretary of the party, he promoted Liu He to vice-minister of the NDRC and office director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, in which capacity he serves as Xis chief economic strategist. As an accomplished financial expert as well as an effective communicator in both Chinese and English, Liu He has proven to be a great asset to Xi. the author's subversive attitude . Current below the surface. Peng is a famous Chinese folksinger who, until recently, served in the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) at the rank of major general. In March 2007, Xi was appointed party secretary of Shanghai. Promoting the universal value of human rights. Xi is a princeling; he is the son of Xi Zhongxun, a former Politburo member and vice-premier who was one of the architects of Chinas Special Economic Zones in the early 1980s2. In the fall of 2013, Xi introduced Liu He to the U.S. national security advisor at the time, Tom Donilon, who was visiting Beijing. It is not clear when Xi and Wang first met. Read all the Order from Chaos content, 7 things you need to know about lifting term limits for Xi Jinping, USMCA Forward 2023: Building more integrated, resilient, and secure supply chains in North America, USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 1: National Security, Strategic partner of choice: Canadas role in enhancing North American supply chain resiliency. 15, 2324. Yet, Xi continues to favor Chinas industrial policy and has called for making flagship state-owned enterprises bigger and stronger.. The internal warnings to cadres show that Mr. Xis confident public face has been accompanied by fears that the party is vulnerable to an economic slowdown, public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. This policy has been credited with Chinas technological development over the past few years, as evidenced by the vitality of Chinas e-commerce and e-payment systems. Instead, Mr. Xi has signaled a shift to a more conservative, traditional leftist stance with his rectification campaign to ensure discipline and conspicuous attempts to defend the legacy of Mao Zedong. HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Liu served as a chief drafter of the communiqu at the Third Plenum of the 18th National Party Congress, which claimed to be version 2.0 of Chinas market development.5. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of Chinas Youth Federation (19972001). (, SeeXi Jinpings Personal Secretary Suddenly Speaks Prior to Chinas Two Conferences: Some People Are Attempting An Internal Coup In the Party. [] Boxun, February 25, 2018. In comparison to his two predecessors, Premier Zhu Rongji and Premier Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiangs power and authority are noticeably limitedeven on economic policy, which has traditionally fallen under the purview of the premier. Subsequently, Xi served as deputy secretary and then secretary of Zhengding County, Hebei Province (198285), and thereafter in Fujian Province as executive vice-mayor of Xiamen City (198588), party secretary of Ningde County (198890), party secretary of Fuzhou City (199096), deputy party secretary of Fujian Province (199699), governor of Fujian Province (19992002). Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. 9, issued in 2013 soon after Xi Jinping became party chief, warned that unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents such as support for Western . Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. On the one hand, Xi has promoted Chinese think tanks, which are mostly staffed with academics. Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. See more. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave. According to an unverified source, Han Zhengs wife, Wan Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. Most notably, the NPC approved a constitutional change abolishing term limits for Chinas president Xi Jinping. For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. Power could escape their grip, they have . In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). Sun Chunlan was born on May 24, 1950, in Raoyang County, Hebei Province. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Early in his career (197982), Xi served as a personal secretary (mishu) to Geng Biao, then minister of defense. After graduating from Peking University, Hu went to Tibet, where he worked as a clerk at the Organization Department in the CCP Committee of Tibet (198384), as an official at the newspaper Tibet Youth Daily (198485), and as an official at the Tibet Hotel (198587). Back-draught of a wave. Wangs patron/mentor ties with Jiang Zemin stem in part from Wangs father-in-law, Yao Yilin, who was a major supporter of Jiang in the Politburo Standing Committee, and in part from Wangs close friendship with Jiangs son, Jiang Mianheng. In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. While ideas promoted by Xis two immediate predecessors, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, would also be incorporated, their names would not, thus venerating a trifecta of Chinese leadersMao, Deng, and Xionly to reinforce Xis egoism. Opponents of one-party rule, it says, have stirred up trouble about disclosing officials assets, using the Internet to fight corruption, media controls and other sensitive topics, to provoke discontent with the party and government.. The fact that Xi did not allow any six-generation leader to enter the PSC and the recent abolishment of the term limit for the PRC presidency indicates that Hus chances of becoming a designated successor have diminished. During these visits, Xi affirmed the good work carried out under Hu Chunhuas leadership, especially in the areas of supply-side economic reform, technological innovation, and social stability4. Her father was a factory worker. Subversive Currents ~ China Fears Seven Perils. For example, the fourth plenum of the 18th Party Central Committee, held in the fall of 2014, was devoted to Chinas legal reform. Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. He is very important to me. Quoted from Bob Davis, Meeting Liu He, Xi Jinpings Choice to Fix a Faltering Chinese Economy, Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2013. During his work in the financial sector in the 1990s, Wang established his patron/mentor relationship with Zhu, who was in charge of Chinas financial affairs at the time. Yet, as the youngest vice premier of the State Council and a two-time Politburo member, Hu is still the highest-ranking leader of the sixth generation. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Psychodynamic Perspective. Seven months later, he was transferred to Beijing to serve as a Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and executive secretary of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee (200712). Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. In Chinas tight but often contentious political circles, proponents of deeper Western-style economic changes are often allied with those pushing for rule of law and a more open political system, while traditionalists favor greater state control of both economic and political life. It was during his time in Shanghai that Han met five of his patron-mentors, namely Huang Ju, Wu Bangguo, Zhu Rongji, Zeng Qinghong, and Yu Zhengsheng, all of whom later served as members of the Politburo Standing Committee2. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life. It appears that Xi has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. Their work contains content that has appeared in art . Some analysts have viewed Hus Politburo membership as a reflection of Deng Xiaopings political design for a grandpa-designated successor (). He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. As an undergraduate majoring in law, Li studied under Professor Gong Xiangrui, a well-known, British-educated expert on Western political and administrative systems. But they have been disappointed. Subversive element definition: Something that is subversive is intended to weaken or destroy a political system or. Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). subversive definition: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. A how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. Share. In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. If the international community views China through an increasingly negative lens, and if criticism from Chinese liberal intellectuals, rival political elites, and the Chinese citizenry gains steam, the result may be a leadership split and political instability in China. Anyone can read what you share. He became a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee while continuing to work as deputy secretary-general (199798). Li Meng, Li Keqiang and the class of 77 at the Department of Law at Peking University [Li Keqiang suozai de beida faluxi 77 ji], Democracy and Law [Minzhu yu fazhi], October 26, 2009. A party paper, known as Document No. Theres no doubt then it had direct endorsement from Xi Jinping, Mr. Li said. Current news at the front? Staff members at the Southern Weekend newspaper there protested after a propaganda official rewrote an editorial celebrating constitutionalism the idea that state and party power should be subject to a supreme law that prevents abuses and protects citizens rights. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao- like figure . Learn more. Constitutionalism belongs only to capitalism, said one commentary in the overseas edition of the Peoples Daily. Its certainly had his approval and reflects his general views.. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. See Everybody Loves Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan, Public Intelligence, January 23, 2011. How the relationship between these two strongmen in China, Xi and Wang, will unfold in the years to come remains to be seen. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life.. Li Keqiang worked closely with Hu, assisting him in convening the Sixth National Conference of the All-China Youth Federation in August 1983. : a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working from within also : the crime of committing acts in furtherance of such an attempt subversionary -zh-ner- adjective subversive -vr-siv adjective or noun subversively adverb subversiveness noun More from Merriam-Webster on subversion As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. 101 School in the same district. For example, Chinese intellectuals have expressed criticism and concern that Wang was overly reliant on political campaigns and underutilized legal procedures in addressing official corruption and in so doing created unfairness and fear in the political establishment. The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. While continuing to work as deputy secretary-general ( 199798 ) on the leftists fire., https: //www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html at agricultural. And name it after yourself Jinpings most trusted confidants3 have viewed Hus membership! 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